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What actually happened atUber

Uber's earliest big investor made its fortune betting on Travis Kalanick — then organized the campaign that removed him and later sued him.

First work2008
FoundedMarch 2009
OriginSan Francisco, California
StatusPublic company (NYSE: UBER) since May 2019; Dara Khosrowshahi is CEO.
Sources8 items
On the record

Why did Benchmark turn against Travis Kalanick — and was the ouster a rescue or a coup?

Kalanick's leadership and the scandals threatened Uber's value; the investors acted to protect the company and its employees.

Benchmark and the signing investors, 2017 · 2 sources

Kalanick's side framed Benchmark's actions — especially the lawsuit — as an attempt to seize control of the company and its board.

Travis Kalanick (camp), 2017 · 1 source
This answer rests on
Bill Gurley
Investor · statement · 2017
Travis Kalanick
Founder · statement · 2017
Reporting & filings
Documents cited · 3 items
The people

Who was actually there, and when

Garrett Camp
Founder2009 — later
No account

Originated the idea and founded UberCab; StumbleUpon co-founder. Funded the earliest work and served as chairman.

Travis Kalanick
Founder2009 — 2019
No account

Co-founder who became CEO in December 2010 and drove Uber's aggressive global expansion and culture. Forced out as CEO in 2017 amid a cascade of scandals.

Ryan Graves
Founding Employee2010 — 2017
No account

Hired via a tweet as Uber's first employee/General Manager; served briefly as CEO before Kalanick took the role, then led global operations and sat on the board.

Oscar Salazar
Contributor2009 — 2011
No account

Built the first Uber prototype; a key early technical contributor sometimes described as a founding engineer.

Bill Gurley
Investor2011 — 2017
No account

Benchmark partner who led the Series A and held the board seat; the driving force behind the 2017 campaign to remove Kalanick.

Susan Fowler
Early Employee2015 — 2016
On record

Former Uber engineer whose February 2017 blog post about harassment and a broken HR culture triggered the chain of events that led to Kalanick's ouster.

Dara Khosrowshahi
Executive2017 — present
No account

Former Expedia CEO who succeeded Kalanick and led Uber to its 2019 IPO.

1 of 7 have put their version on the record.

The money

Who funded it, and who bought it

Benchmark
Benchmark
Series A lead · ~$11M · Feb 2011, board seat
First Round Capital
First Round Capital
Angel lead · ~$1.25M · Oct 2010
SoftBank Vision Fund
SoftBank Vision Fund
Secondary/tender lead · Dec 2017, board seat
Timeline

What happened, in order

20081 event
Full year

The Paris cab idea

Unable to get a taxi during a conference in Paris, Garrett Camp and Travis Kalanick discuss an app to summon a car on demand. Camp begins developing it.

When Uber was young: the early years
Uber — History & Facts
20091 event
Mar

UberCab is founded

Camp founds UberCab, with Kalanick as co-founder and Oscar Salazar building the first prototype.

When Uber was young: the early years
Uber
20103 events
Mar

Ryan Graves hired via a tweet; briefly CEO

Kalanick tweets looking for a lead; Ryan Graves replies and becomes Uber's first employee and briefly its CEO, before Kalanick takes the role.

When Uber was young: the early years
UberCab Closes Uber Angel Round
Oct

Launch in San Francisco; UberCab becomes Uber

The app launches in San Francisco (2010). After a regulatory cease-and-desist over 'cab,' the company drops the word and becomes Uber. It closes a ~$1.25M angel round.

UberCab Closes Uber Angel Round
Uber
Dec

Kalanick becomes CEO

Kalanick takes over as CEO; Graves moves to lead operations. Kalanick's aggressive style comes to define the company.

When Uber was young: the early years
20111 event · 1 contested
Feb

Benchmark leads the Series A

Contested · 2 accounts

Benchmark led Uber's 2011 Series A and Bill Gurley held the board seat. In early 2017 Uber faced a cascade of scandals (Fowler's post, Waymo suit, Greyball, the Holder report). In June 2017 five investors led by Benchmark demanded Kalanick resign, and he did. In August 2017 Benchmark sued Kalanick; the suit was later moved to arbitration and dropped.

Unresolved: Whether the removal was primarily about protecting value or about seizing control.

Kalanick's Ouster as Uber CEO Began With a Hand-Delivered Letter
When Uber was young: the early years
20176 events · 4 contested
Full year

Benchmark's claim

Claim — not established history

That removing Kalanick was necessary to save the company from its scandals, governance failures, and leadership crisis.

Claimed by Benchmark, 2017
Response — Travis Kalanick (camp)

Kalanick's side characterized Benchmark's subsequent lawsuit as a 'public and personal attack' and an attempt to seize control, disputing the framing of his conduct.

Partially resolved
Kalanick's Ouster as Uber CEO Began With a Hand-Delivered Letter
Here's the Uber Investor Letter That Forced Travis Kalanick Out
Feb

A cascade of crises

Alongside Fowler's post: Waymo sues Uber over self-driving trade secrets; the 'Greyball' tool to evade regulators is exposed; a video shows Kalanick berating a driver; and the Holder report recommends sweeping governance changes.

Uber
Kalanick's Ouster as Uber CEO Began With a Hand-Delivered Letter
Feb

Susan Fowler's blog post

Contested · 2 accounts

Benchmark led Uber's 2011 Series A and Bill Gurley held the board seat. In early 2017 Uber faced a cascade of scandals (Fowler's post, Waymo suit, Greyball, the Holder report). In June 2017 five investors led by Benchmark demanded Kalanick resign, and he did. In August 2017 Benchmark sued Kalanick; the suit was later moved to arbitration and dropped.

Unresolved: Whether the removal was primarily about protecting value or about seizing control.

Firsthand account — Susan FowlerRecorded Feb 2017

Fowler's blog post recounts her year at Uber — harassment reported to HR, retaliation, and a broken culture — a firsthand account that became a catalyst for the leadership crisis. (Placeholder summary; full text at the linked source.)

Version history · v1
Reflecting on one very, very strange year at Uber
Jun

Kalanick is forced out as CEO

Contested · 2 accounts

Benchmark led Uber's 2011 Series A and Bill Gurley held the board seat. In early 2017 Uber faced a cascade of scandals (Fowler's post, Waymo suit, Greyball, the Holder report). In June 2017 five investors led by Benchmark demanded Kalanick resign, and he did. In August 2017 Benchmark sued Kalanick; the suit was later moved to arbitration and dropped.

Unresolved: Whether the removal was primarily about protecting value or about seizing control.

Kalanick's Ouster as Uber CEO Began With a Hand-Delivered Letter
Here's the Uber Investor Letter That Forced Travis Kalanick Out
Aug

Benchmark sues Kalanick

Contested · 2 accounts

Benchmark led Uber's 2011 Series A and Bill Gurley held the board seat. In early 2017 Uber faced a cascade of scandals (Fowler's post, Waymo suit, Greyball, the Holder report). In June 2017 five investors led by Benchmark demanded Kalanick resign, and he did. In August 2017 Benchmark sued Kalanick; the suit was later moved to arbitration and dropped.

Unresolved: Whether the removal was primarily about protecting value or about seizing control.

Benchmark Capital sues Travis Kalanick
Aug

Dara Khosrowshahi becomes CEO

Expedia's Dara Khosrowshahi is named CEO, beginning a governance and culture reset.

Uber
20181 event
Jan

SoftBank deal reshapes the cap table

SoftBank leads a major investment and tender offer, adding governance reforms (one-share-one-vote) and easing the board conflict; Benchmark trims its stake.

Uber
20191 event
May

Uber goes public (NYSE: UBER)

Uber completes its IPO. Kalanick, still a director and large shareholder, leaves the board in December 2019 and sells his stake.

Uber
Where are they now

The beginning reads differently once you know the end

Travis Kalanick

Ousted as CEO (2017); left the board and sold his stake (2019); founded CloudKitchens.

Garrett Camp

Remained a director/chairman for years; focused on Expa and investing.

Ryan Graves

Left as an executive in 2017; angel investor/philanthropist.